A Constructive Model for the Relationship between Emotional Agility, Resilience and Emotional Intelligence among university students
Keywords:
emotional agility, resilience, emotional intelligence
Abstract
This investigation aimed at examining emotional agility, resilience and emotional intelligence among university students. Also, it aimed at identifying the relationships between the variables, examining the contribution of resilience and emotional intelligence to predict emotional agility among university students. The study aimed also at testing a model structure of the emotional agility, resilience and emotional intelligence among university students. Sample was 322 of university students (59 males and 263 females) with mean age 25.12 and standard deviation 7.37. The study modified tools into Arabic of emotional agility by (David S. , 2016), RSA by (Friborg, Hjemdal, Martinussen, & Rosenvinge, 2003) and emotional intelligence by (Schutte N. , et al., 1989). Results showed that university students have good levels of emotional agility, resilience and emotional intelligence. No statistically significant relationships were found between the three variables, while resilience and emotional intelligence failed to predict the emotional agility. Therefore, the structure model wasn’t tested.
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References
Damásio, B., Borsa, J., & da Silva, J. (2011). 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14): Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version. Journal of Nursing Measurement,, 19(3), 131-145.
Alston, B. (2009). An examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership practices ((Unpublished master‟s thesis). H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States of America.
Bar-On, R. (1997a). Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: User’s Manual. Tornto: ON: Multihealth Systems.
Bar-On, R. (2004). The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): Rationale, description and summary of psychometric properties. In Measuring emotional intelligence: Common ground and controversy (pp. 115–45). Hauppauge, NY, US: Nova Science Publishers.
Bar-On, R., R. (1996). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): A Test of Emotional. Toronto: ON: Multi-Health Systems.
Baruth, K., & Caroll, J. (2002). A formal assessment of resilience: The Baruth Protective Factors Inventory. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 58(3), 235-244.
Boin, A., Comfort , L., & Demchak, C. (2010). The rise of resilience,. In B. A. in Comfort L.K., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events (pp. 1-12). Pittsburgh: PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Boin, A., Comfort, L., & Demchak, C. (2010). The rise of resilience. In B. A. in Comfort L.K., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events, (pp. 1-12). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Boyatzis,, R., Goleman,, D., & Rhee,, K. (2018). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: insights from the emotional competence inventory (ECI). In R. B.-O. Parker, in Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 343–362). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. doi:doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01438
Bradberry, T., Greaves, J., & Lencioni, P. (2009). Har/Dol En edition. San Diego, Calif.: TalentSmart. Retrieved from Emotional Intelligence 2.0.
Caprez, D. (2020, July 19). health management. Retrieved from Emotional Agility, or how to develop your 6th sense: https://healthmanagementdc.ch/emotional-agility-or-how-to-develop-our-6th-sense/
Cheshire, L., Esparcia, J., & Shucksmith, M. (2015). Community resilience, social capital and territorial governance. Ager: Revista de estudios sobre despoblación y desarrollo rural= Journal of depopulation and rural development studies, 18, 7-38.
Connor, K., & Davidson, J. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety,, 18(2), 76-82.
Connor, K., & Davidson, J. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety,, 18(2), 76-82.
Connor, K., & Davidson, J. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety,, 18(2), 76-82.
Cotton, D., Nash, T., & Kneale, P. (2017). Supporting the retention of non-traditional students in Higher Education using a resilience framework. Eur. Educ. Res. J(16), 62–79.
Cox, S. (2018). Tips for emotional agility. Nursing Managment, 49(7), 56. doi:10.1097/01.NUMA.0000538912.07418.16
David , S., & Congleton, C. (2013, November). Emotional Agility. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review Home: https://hbr.org/2013/11/emotional-agility
David, S. (2016). Emotional Agility: Get unstuck, Embrace Change, and Thrive in Work and life. Penguin Book.
David, S. (2016). Emotional Agility: Get unstuck, Embrace Change, and Thrive in Work and life. Penguin Book.
David, S. (2018, July 26). Avery. Retrieved from EMOTIONAL AGILITY Get Unstuck, Embrace Change, and Thrive in Work and Life: https://olod.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/Immerse-Emotional%20Agility%20Executive%20Summary_0.pdf
Elias, M. (2001). A View on Emotional Intelligence and the Family. Edutopia. Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/maurice-elias-emotional-intelligence-and-family.
Everly Jr, G., Strouse, D., & McCormack, D. (2015). Stronger: Develop the Resilience You Need to Succeed. AMACOM : Div American Management Association.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International journal of methods in psychiatric research,, 12(2), pp. 65-76.
Goleman, D. (998). What Makes a Leader? Harvard Business Review 7, 76(6), 93-102.
Hein, S. (2005). History and Definition of Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved from https://eqi.org/history.htm.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T., & Martinussen, M. (2006). A New Scale for Adolescent Resilience:Grasping the Central Protective Resources Behind Healthy Development. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 39, 83-96.
HMM, A.-F. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Stability in Crises. Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders, 4(2), 56-62. doi:doi: 10.26502/jppd.2572-519X0090
Hobfoll, S., Stevens, N., & Zalta, A. (2015). Expanding the Science of Resilience: Conserving Resources in the Aid of Adaptation. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 174-180.
Jacinto , J., Anabela , P., & Ana , B. (2021). Development and Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure Resilience among Portuguese University Students: Resilience Scale-10. Educ. Science, 11(61). doi:. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Kendra , C. (2020, June 03). very well mind. Retrieved from What Is Emotional Intelligence?: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-emotional-intelligence-2795423#:~:text=What%20Is%20Emotional%20Intelligence%3F%20Emotional%20intelligence%20%28EI%29%20refers,strengthened%2C%20while%20others%20claim%20it%27s%20an%20inborn%20characteristic.
Ledesma, J. (2015). Conceptual Frameworks and Research Models on Resilience in Leadership. SAGE Open, 4(3). doi:2158244014545464
Lepsinger, R. (2018, June 19). business 2 community. Retrieved from The Importance of Emotional Agility in the Workplace: https://www.business2community.com/communications/the-importance-of-emotional-agility-in-the-workplace-02076802
Limnios, E., Mazzarol, T., & Ghadouani, A. (2014). The resilience architecture framework: Four organizational archetypes. European Management Journal, 32(1), 104-116.
London, l. a. (n.d.). Self awareness and well-being. Retrieved from (EI) Emotional intelligence questionnaire: https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26776/1/Emotional_intelligence_questionnaire-LAL1.pdf
MacCann, C., & Roberts, R. (2008). New paradigms for assessing emotional intelligence: theory and data. Emotion, 8, 540–551. doi:doi: 10.1037/a0012746
Mayer , J., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (1996). Models of Emotional Intelligence. In R. Sternberg, Handbook in Intelligence (pp. 396-420). Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, J., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications. Psychological Inquiry, 15(3), 197–215. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20447229.
Mayer, J., Salovey, P., Caruso, D., & Sitarenios,, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2. 0. Emotion, 3, 97–105. doi:doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.97
Mehta, S., & Singh , N. (2013). Development of the Emotional Intelligence Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, 8(1), 1252-1264. doi:DOI:10.24297/ijmit.v8i1.689
O’Connor , P., Hill, A., Kaya, M., & Martin, B. (2019). The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Researchers and Practitioners. Front. Psychol, 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01116
O'Connor, P., Hill , A., Kaya, M., & Martin, B. (2019). The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Researchers and Practitioners. Front. Psychol.(10:1116.), 1-19. doi:doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01116
Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence:psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. Eur.J. Person, 15, 425-448. doi:doi: 10.1002/per.416
Polk, L. (2000). Development and validation of the Polk Resilience Patterns Scale (Doctoral dissertation). variable from ProQuest dissertations and theses database.(UMI No.9969559).
Ran, L., Wang, W., W., Ai, M., M., Kong, Y., Chen, J., & Kuag, L. (2020). Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic. Soc. Sci. Med.(262).
Resnick, B. (2017). Measurement of Resilience. 8th APRU population Ageing Conference : Ageing and Resilience in the 21st Century took place on October 11-13, 2017. Centre for Aging Research & Education at Duke NUS. Retrieved from https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/docs/librariesprovider3/events-docs/resilience-measurements.pdf?sfvrsn=7aa4d538_0
Robinson, P., Oades, L., & Caputi, P. (2015). Conceptualising and measuring mental fitness: A Delphi study. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(1), 53-73. doi:doi:10.5502/ijw.v5i1.4
Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of Resilience Concepts for Scientific Understanding. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sc(1094), 1–12.
Salisu, I., & Hashim, N. (2017, Apr.). A Critical Review of Scales Used in Resilience Research. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 19(4), 23-33. doi:DOI: 10.9790/487X-1904032333
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (2016). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality. Retrieved from . https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG.
Schutte, N., Malouff, J., Hall, L., Hagge, D., Cooper,, J., & Golden,, C. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personal. Indivi. Diff, 167–177. doi:doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4
Schutte, N., Malouff, J., Hall, L., Haggerty, D., Cooper, J., Golden, C., & Dornheim, L. (1989). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence,. Personality and Individual Differences(25), 167-177.
Schuurman, C. (2016, November 24). SELF-EFFICACY, PERFORMANCE,BOOK SYNTHESIS agility, Emotional;. Retrieved from https://business-digest.eu/emotional-agility/?lang=en
Scoloveno, R. (2017). Measures of Resilience and an Evaluation of the Resilience Scale (RS). International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 19(4), 1-7.
Sfetcu, N. (2020, January 6). Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives. Retrieved from Emotional Intelligence: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344209640
Six-Seconds. (2010). The Six Seconds Model of Emotional Intelligence: EQ in Action. Six Seconds 27 ianuarie 2010. Retrieved from . https://www.6seconds.org/2010/01/27/the-six-seconds-eq-model/.
Smith, B., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Kay, V. (2010). Resilience as the ability to bounce back from stress: A neglected personal resource? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 166-176.
Stock, B. (2008). Retrieved from Smart Emotions for Busy Business People: www.ByronStock.com.
Surzykiewicz, J., Konaszewski, K., & Wagnild, G. (2019). Polish Version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14): A Validity and Reliability Study in Three Samples. Front. Psychol, 9(2762), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02762
Torres, E. (2018, May 14). lead grow develop. Retrieved from The Powerful Importance Of Emotional Agility: Emotions Are Neither Good Or Bad: https://leadgrowdevelop.com/powerful-importance-emotional-agility-emotions-neither-good-bad/
Ungar, M. (2004). Constructionst Discourse on Resilience: Multiple Contexts, Multiple Realities among At-Risk Children and Youth. Youth Soc, 341–365.
Wagnild, G., & Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric. . Journal of nursing measurement,, 1(2), 165-178.
Alston, B. (2009). An examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership practices ((Unpublished master‟s thesis). H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States of America.
Bar-On, R. (1997a). Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: User’s Manual. Tornto: ON: Multihealth Systems.
Bar-On, R. (2004). The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): Rationale, description and summary of psychometric properties. In Measuring emotional intelligence: Common ground and controversy (pp. 115–45). Hauppauge, NY, US: Nova Science Publishers.
Bar-On, R., R. (1996). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): A Test of Emotional. Toronto: ON: Multi-Health Systems.
Baruth, K., & Caroll, J. (2002). A formal assessment of resilience: The Baruth Protective Factors Inventory. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 58(3), 235-244.
Boin, A., Comfort , L., & Demchak, C. (2010). The rise of resilience,. In B. A. in Comfort L.K., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events (pp. 1-12). Pittsburgh: PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Boin, A., Comfort, L., & Demchak, C. (2010). The rise of resilience. In B. A. in Comfort L.K., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events, (pp. 1-12). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Boyatzis,, R., Goleman,, D., & Rhee,, K. (2018). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: insights from the emotional competence inventory (ECI). In R. B.-O. Parker, in Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 343–362). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. doi:doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01438
Bradberry, T., Greaves, J., & Lencioni, P. (2009). Har/Dol En edition. San Diego, Calif.: TalentSmart. Retrieved from Emotional Intelligence 2.0.
Caprez, D. (2020, July 19). health management. Retrieved from Emotional Agility, or how to develop your 6th sense: https://healthmanagementdc.ch/emotional-agility-or-how-to-develop-our-6th-sense/
Cheshire, L., Esparcia, J., & Shucksmith, M. (2015). Community resilience, social capital and territorial governance. Ager: Revista de estudios sobre despoblación y desarrollo rural= Journal of depopulation and rural development studies, 18, 7-38.
Connor, K., & Davidson, J. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety,, 18(2), 76-82.
Connor, K., & Davidson, J. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety,, 18(2), 76-82.
Connor, K., & Davidson, J. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety,, 18(2), 76-82.
Cotton, D., Nash, T., & Kneale, P. (2017). Supporting the retention of non-traditional students in Higher Education using a resilience framework. Eur. Educ. Res. J(16), 62–79.
Cox, S. (2018). Tips for emotional agility. Nursing Managment, 49(7), 56. doi:10.1097/01.NUMA.0000538912.07418.16
David , S., & Congleton, C. (2013, November). Emotional Agility. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review Home: https://hbr.org/2013/11/emotional-agility
David, S. (2016). Emotional Agility: Get unstuck, Embrace Change, and Thrive in Work and life. Penguin Book.
David, S. (2016). Emotional Agility: Get unstuck, Embrace Change, and Thrive in Work and life. Penguin Book.
David, S. (2018, July 26). Avery. Retrieved from EMOTIONAL AGILITY Get Unstuck, Embrace Change, and Thrive in Work and Life: https://olod.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/Immerse-Emotional%20Agility%20Executive%20Summary_0.pdf
Elias, M. (2001). A View on Emotional Intelligence and the Family. Edutopia. Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/maurice-elias-emotional-intelligence-and-family.
Everly Jr, G., Strouse, D., & McCormack, D. (2015). Stronger: Develop the Resilience You Need to Succeed. AMACOM : Div American Management Association.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International journal of methods in psychiatric research,, 12(2), pp. 65-76.
Goleman, D. (998). What Makes a Leader? Harvard Business Review 7, 76(6), 93-102.
Hein, S. (2005). History and Definition of Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved from https://eqi.org/history.htm.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T., & Martinussen, M. (2006). A New Scale for Adolescent Resilience:Grasping the Central Protective Resources Behind Healthy Development. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 39, 83-96.
HMM, A.-F. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Stability in Crises. Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders, 4(2), 56-62. doi:doi: 10.26502/jppd.2572-519X0090
Hobfoll, S., Stevens, N., & Zalta, A. (2015). Expanding the Science of Resilience: Conserving Resources in the Aid of Adaptation. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 174-180.
Jacinto , J., Anabela , P., & Ana , B. (2021). Development and Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure Resilience among Portuguese University Students: Resilience Scale-10. Educ. Science, 11(61). doi:. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Kendra , C. (2020, June 03). very well mind. Retrieved from What Is Emotional Intelligence?: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-emotional-intelligence-2795423#:~:text=What%20Is%20Emotional%20Intelligence%3F%20Emotional%20intelligence%20%28EI%29%20refers,strengthened%2C%20while%20others%20claim%20it%27s%20an%20inborn%20characteristic.
Ledesma, J. (2015). Conceptual Frameworks and Research Models on Resilience in Leadership. SAGE Open, 4(3). doi:2158244014545464
Lepsinger, R. (2018, June 19). business 2 community. Retrieved from The Importance of Emotional Agility in the Workplace: https://www.business2community.com/communications/the-importance-of-emotional-agility-in-the-workplace-02076802
Limnios, E., Mazzarol, T., & Ghadouani, A. (2014). The resilience architecture framework: Four organizational archetypes. European Management Journal, 32(1), 104-116.
London, l. a. (n.d.). Self awareness and well-being. Retrieved from (EI) Emotional intelligence questionnaire: https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/26776/1/Emotional_intelligence_questionnaire-LAL1.pdf
MacCann, C., & Roberts, R. (2008). New paradigms for assessing emotional intelligence: theory and data. Emotion, 8, 540–551. doi:doi: 10.1037/a0012746
Mayer , J., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (1996). Models of Emotional Intelligence. In R. Sternberg, Handbook in Intelligence (pp. 396-420). Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, J., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications. Psychological Inquiry, 15(3), 197–215. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20447229.
Mayer, J., Salovey, P., Caruso, D., & Sitarenios,, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2. 0. Emotion, 3, 97–105. doi:doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.97
Mehta, S., & Singh , N. (2013). Development of the Emotional Intelligence Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, 8(1), 1252-1264. doi:DOI:10.24297/ijmit.v8i1.689
O’Connor , P., Hill, A., Kaya, M., & Martin, B. (2019). The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Researchers and Practitioners. Front. Psychol, 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01116
O'Connor, P., Hill , A., Kaya, M., & Martin, B. (2019). The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Researchers and Practitioners. Front. Psychol.(10:1116.), 1-19. doi:doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01116
Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence:psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. Eur.J. Person, 15, 425-448. doi:doi: 10.1002/per.416
Polk, L. (2000). Development and validation of the Polk Resilience Patterns Scale (Doctoral dissertation). variable from ProQuest dissertations and theses database.(UMI No.9969559).
Ran, L., Wang, W., W., Ai, M., M., Kong, Y., Chen, J., & Kuag, L. (2020). Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic. Soc. Sci. Med.(262).
Resnick, B. (2017). Measurement of Resilience. 8th APRU population Ageing Conference : Ageing and Resilience in the 21st Century took place on October 11-13, 2017. Centre for Aging Research & Education at Duke NUS. Retrieved from https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/docs/librariesprovider3/events-docs/resilience-measurements.pdf?sfvrsn=7aa4d538_0
Robinson, P., Oades, L., & Caputi, P. (2015). Conceptualising and measuring mental fitness: A Delphi study. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(1), 53-73. doi:doi:10.5502/ijw.v5i1.4
Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of Resilience Concepts for Scientific Understanding. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sc(1094), 1–12.
Salisu, I., & Hashim, N. (2017, Apr.). A Critical Review of Scales Used in Resilience Research. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 19(4), 23-33. doi:DOI: 10.9790/487X-1904032333
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (2016). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality. Retrieved from . https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG.
Schutte, N., Malouff, J., Hall, L., Hagge, D., Cooper,, J., & Golden,, C. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personal. Indivi. Diff, 167–177. doi:doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4
Schutte, N., Malouff, J., Hall, L., Haggerty, D., Cooper, J., Golden, C., & Dornheim, L. (1989). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence,. Personality and Individual Differences(25), 167-177.
Schuurman, C. (2016, November 24). SELF-EFFICACY, PERFORMANCE,BOOK SYNTHESIS agility, Emotional;. Retrieved from https://business-digest.eu/emotional-agility/?lang=en
Scoloveno, R. (2017). Measures of Resilience and an Evaluation of the Resilience Scale (RS). International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 19(4), 1-7.
Sfetcu, N. (2020, January 6). Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives. Retrieved from Emotional Intelligence: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344209640
Six-Seconds. (2010). The Six Seconds Model of Emotional Intelligence: EQ in Action. Six Seconds 27 ianuarie 2010. Retrieved from . https://www.6seconds.org/2010/01/27/the-six-seconds-eq-model/.
Smith, B., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Kay, V. (2010). Resilience as the ability to bounce back from stress: A neglected personal resource? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 166-176.
Stock, B. (2008). Retrieved from Smart Emotions for Busy Business People: www.ByronStock.com.
Surzykiewicz, J., Konaszewski, K., & Wagnild, G. (2019). Polish Version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14): A Validity and Reliability Study in Three Samples. Front. Psychol, 9(2762), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02762
Torres, E. (2018, May 14). lead grow develop. Retrieved from The Powerful Importance Of Emotional Agility: Emotions Are Neither Good Or Bad: https://leadgrowdevelop.com/powerful-importance-emotional-agility-emotions-neither-good-bad/
Ungar, M. (2004). Constructionst Discourse on Resilience: Multiple Contexts, Multiple Realities among At-Risk Children and Youth. Youth Soc, 341–365.
Wagnild, G., & Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric. . Journal of nursing measurement,, 1(2), 165-178.
Published
2022-03-15
How to Cite
Shoeib, A. (2022). A Constructive Model for the Relationship between Emotional Agility, Resilience and Emotional Intelligence among university students. International Journal of Research in Educational Sciences., 5(2), 41- 101. Retrieved from https://iafh.net/index.php/IJRES/article/view/340
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Copyright (c) 2021 Ali Mahmud Shoeib
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